The problem - a peculiar correlation
The specific reference it relies on is a study of people with bipolar disorder and depression, which does not suggest such a causative direction at all, though it does look at links between depression, anhedonia, and nihilism:
"
Specifically, for those with MDE/bipolar disorder, increases in positive affect/current pleasure were less effectively predictive of subsequent MIL as compared with healthy controls, albeit those with MDE/bipolar disorder were less likely to be upshifted in cognitive appraisals (MIL) in response to emotional experiences (positive affect/current pleasure) in daily life.
This finding highlights the weaker temporal pairing of cognitive and affective symptom constructs in those with MDE/bipolar disorder, which could be elucidated using a biopsychosocial model. Biologically, those with MDE/bipolar disorder tended to exhibit less cognitive-affective synchrony, Reference Batmaz, Kaymak, Soygur, Ozalp and Turkcapar diminishing their ability to integrate previous positive emotional experiences into a cohesive sense of self and life purposes
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-open/article/bidirectional-associations-among-positive-affect-anhedonia-and-meaning-in-life-during-major-depressive-episode-ecological-momentary-assessment-study-in-unipolar-and-bipolar-individuals-and-healthy-controls/18ABC677C332419B24B5E1A64F47B37D
It looks like scaremongering, but I'm not sure to what end.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/home-base/202604/are-you-a-nihilist-or-anhedonic
Where the problem comes from
It turns out that there's a scale, for measuring 'existential nihilism' , the ENS ( https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10862-023-10052-w).
It is based on this highly flawed definition of 'existential nihilism':
1. An understanding that there is no essential meaning - the perfectly normal, reasonable position, known generally as 'nihilism', that recognises that 'meaning' is a purely linguistic construction and does not exist as any sort of free-floating part of the world.
And, this being the problematic part:
2. The belief that: "any attempt to change or rectify this, with the goal of establishing meaning, is futile."
The second part is certainly not part of normal philosophical nihilism. Camus even says 'we must imagine Sisyphus happy'. Rather this is a clinical symptom of anhedonia, usually part of depression. It's part of a diagnosis of 'helplessness'.
Obviously, conflating these entirely different things will lead to a spurious link between 'nihilism' and 'depression', 'suicidality' and so forth. It's built into the false definition!
I'm not sure what the motivation was for this deeply misleading definition, that begs the question. I imagine that it must have been some researcher or researchers who had some objection to nihilism.
It seems unlikely that any scientist would produce such a conflation as a definition.
The propaganda has worked. LLMs push the notion that nihilism is linked to anhedonia and suicidal ideation without the qualification that this is inevitable as part of the definition. I had to go and find the original papers and read them, then come back and press the LLM (grok as it happens), before it would sheepishly admit that it knew this all along.